Judy Holliday (born Judith Tuvim, June 21, 1921 – June 7, 1965) was an American actress, comedian, singer, and songwriter. In the 1940s, Holliday transformed from a struggling nightclub performer into one of Broadway’s brightest stars, laying the groundwork for her Hollywood success. Despite possessing a genius IQ of 172, she built her fame by playing variations of the squeaky-voiced, seemingly airheaded “dumb blonde” character.
She spent the early part of the decade performing with a satirical comedy troupe called “The Revuers” alongside future Broadway legends Betty Comden and Adolph Green. To make ends meet in New York, she worked as a switchboard operator at Orson Welles’s Mercury Theatre. The Revuers moved to Los Angeles and signed with 20th Century Fox. Holliday appeared in minor, forgettable bit parts in mid-1940s films like Winged Victory and Greenwich Village before the studio dropped her.
Returning to New York, she made her formal Broadway debut in the 1945 play Kiss Them for Me, winning critical praise for playing a wistful prostitute. Her life changed forever when she was cast as Billie Dawn in Garson Kanin’s Born Yesterday (1946). Playing the dim-witted but secretly sharp mistress of a corrupt tycoon, Holliday became an overnight sensation. The stage production ran for four years and skyrocketed her to theatrical stardom.
Columbia Pictures initially hesitated to cast her in the movie adaptation of Born Yesterday. To prove her on-screen viability, her friend Katharine Hepburn and director George Cukor custom-tailored a scene-stealing supporting role for her in the classic romantic comedy Adam’s Rib (1949).
Her brilliant, hilarious performance as a woman who shoots her cheating husband convinced Columbia executive Harry Cohn that she was a star. This secured her the leading role in the 1950 film version of Born Yesterday, which ultimately won her an Academy Award for Best Actress.
































